Research has come a long way in understanding the science of addiction. From genetic to environmental factors that lead to addiction, how it impacts the brain, and best recovery methods, the science behind alcohol addiction and substance abuse continues to expand.
For those entering recovery, it’s essential to understand the mechanisms at play and how to use the latest research for a successful recovery journey. Here’s a brief overview of the science of addiction to help break stigma and myths surrounding this disease.
Addiction Biology on the Brain
Addiction biology is still an emerging field, but advances in brain imaging technology is paving the way to help scientists understand what makes addiction so powerful. By far, one of the best and latest discoveries in the science of addiction is how it impacts the brain’s reward system.
Addictive substances including cocaine, alcohol, and opioids all lead to the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward, in the brain’s reward system. This dopamine release can even be seen when tasting alcohol-free beer, showing just how powerful substances can be.
But over time, as addiction develops, the brain adapts to this constant surge of dopamine by reducing its own production of dopamine and decreasing the number of dopamine receptors. Additionally, research has shown that addiction causes changes in other areas of the brain such as the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision making and self-control.
These changes can lead to changes in reward-seeking and impulsivity. In short, the neuroscience of alcohol addiction and substance abuse shows it leaves a lasting physical toll on the brain and body.
The Science of Addiction As a Disease
Yet another development in addiction biology is the understanding of addiction as a chronic disorder. While people may start using drugs or alcohol voluntarily, stopping substance and alcohol use is a completely different matter.
While older models of addiction treatment emphasized acute treatment (i.e., someone enters treatment, gets sober, and discharges), new research shows that addiction should be treated as a chronic illness. Much like chronic illnesses, addiction is characterized by:
- Periods of recovery and relapse
- Continuous need for management
- Serious impact on physical and mental health
- A dedicated treatment team for lifelong care
- Lifestyle changes for improvement
This understanding has led to the development of a more comprehensive approach to addiction treatment. Instead of relying on only detox and inpatient treatment, people should seek help from outpatient treatment programs, sober living, and support groups among other resources to sustain their sobriety.
Minimizing Risk Factors of Addiction
Like other diseases, the science of addiction also studies the triggers and risk factors associated with its development. People who have a higher risk of developing addiction include those with a family history of substance abuse, individuals suffering from mental health disorders, and those who are exposed to drugs at an early age. Fortunately, there are several ways people can minimize the risk of addiction.
Getting Help Early On
By far one of the best ways to reduce the risk of addiction is to seek help early on. Unfortunately, many people struggle for an average of 27 years before they finally stop using. It’s important to understand the signs of addiction, such as:
- Problems with regulating your alcohol intake or substance use
- Difficulty meeting work, school or family demands due to substance use
- Strong cravings and continued use despite negative consequences
- Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when trying to quit
The sooner you can recognize these as signs of addiction, the sooner you’ll be able to achieve sobriety and start on the road to recovery.
Treatment Mental Health Disorders
Emerging research also shows how important it is to treat both mental health disorders and addiction simultaneously. This is known as dual diagnosis treatment, which is now standard thanks to the recognition that they both feed off each other.
For example, someone with an anxiety disorder may turn to drugs or alcohol as a way to cope with their symptoms. Conversely, substance abuse can increase the risk of developing mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety.
Dual diagnosis treatment involves targeting both the addiction and any underlying mental health issues through therapy, medication management, and other treatment options. This comprehensive approach allows individuals to address the root causes of their addiction and learn healthy coping mechanisms for managing their mental health.
Start Your Recovery Now Using Evidence-Based Care
At SEE Purpose Treatment Center, we want to help our clients see their purpose, find long-lasting recovery, and have peace of mind knowing they’re getting the best treatment possible for addiction. That’s why we strive to use the latest evidence-based treatment methods that rely on the science of addiction. From detox to residential inpatient treatment, aftercare services, and specialized treatment for veterans, we provide a full continuum of care for every stage of recovery. If you’re in need of addiction treatment in Bloomington, IN, call us today to schedule a consultation.
